	Category	Benefit type	Magnitude	Likelihood	Duration	Importance to patient	Summary	Weight	Score	Uncertainty	Weighted score
1	Dementia & cognitive decline	↑ clinical improvement/stabilization in dementia & cognitive decline	1	2	1	2	6	1.5	+1	1 RCT: Marcer & Hopkins, 1977; Pieschl et al., 1983; Vehreschild et al., 1975 2 Comparative/Open-label: Popa et al., 1994; Yang, 2015; Yang & Zhang, 2016; Herrschaft, 1992; Zhou, 2002 3 Observational: Tamai & Torii, 1990 Conflict: Bower & McDonald, 1966; Pék et al., 1989	0.75
2	Dementia & cognitive decline	↑ ADL in dementia & cognitive decline	1	1	1	2	5	1.25	+1	1 RCT: Marcer & Hopkins, 1977 2 Open-label: Fu et al., 2007 Conflict: Zhang & Wang, 2007; Pék et al., 1989; Bower & McDonald, 1966	0
3	Dementia & cognitive decline	↑ clinical improvement in corpus callosum degeneration	1	2	1	3	7	1.75	+1	2 Open-label: Dai & Li, 2012	0.5
4	Dementia & cognitive decline	↓ neurological deficit in VaD	1	2	1	3	7	1.75	+1	1 RCT: Bian et al., 2004 2 Comparative: Chen, 2007b; Yao et al., 2006	1.25
5	Dementia & cognitive decline	↑ clinical improvement in VaD	1	2	1	3	7	1.75	+1	1 RCT: Bian et al., 2004 2 Comparative/Open-label: Niu & Li, 2008; Fu et al., 2007; Zhang & Wang, 2007; Herrschaft, 1992 3 Observational: Tamai & Torii, 1990; Richter, 1983; Ma, 2014	1.25
6	General	↑ CBF	1	3	1	2	7	1.75	+1	2 Comparative/Open-label: Herrschaft et al., 1974; Chen, 2010; Herrschaft, 1992	1
7	General	↑ clinical improvement in chronic cerebrovascular disease	1	1	1	1	4	1	+1	2 Comparative: Wasilewski et al., 1981	0
8	Metabolism & biochemistry	↓ age-related intracellular water loss	1	1	1	1	4	1	+1	1 RCT: Fülöp et al., 1990	0.75
9	Metabolism & biochemistry	↑ blood oxygen saturation & consumption	1	1	1	1	4	1	+1	2 Comparative/Open-label: Tang & Dong, 2018; Schmid & Schlick, 1979 Conflict: Xie & Min, 2013	0
10	Metabolism & biochemistry	↓ fasting glucose levels	1	1	1	1	4	1	+1	2 Open-label: Schmid & Schlick, 1979	0
11	Metabolism & biochemistry	↑ normalization of blood glucose dynamics	1	1	1	1	4	1	+1	2 Comparative: Stoica et al., 1974	0
12	Metabolism & biochemistry	↑ oxidative stress mitigation	2	1	1	1	5	1.25	+1	1 RCT: Zheng et al., 2011 2 Comparative: Tang & Dong, 2018	1.25
13	Metabolism & biochemistry	↑ energy	1	1	1	1	4	1	+1	2 Open-label: Vojtechovsky et al., 1969	0
14	Metabolism & biochemistry	↑ biomarkers in cerebrovascular disease	2	1	1	2	6	1.5	+1	1 RCT: Zhang, 2018b; Hou et al., 2019; Ji et al., 2007 3 Observational: You, 2020	1.5
15	Movement disorders	↑ reflexes in cerebral palsy	1	1	1	2	5	1.25	+1	2 Open-label: Bradna, 1967	0
16	Movement disorders	↓ involuntary movements in tardive dyskinesia	2	2	2	2	8	2	+1	2 Open-label: Izumi et al., 1986 Conflict: Yagi et al., 1990	0
17	Movement disorders	↓ ALS symptoms	1	1	1	2	5	1.25	+1	2 Comparative: Sercl & Kovarik, 1963	0
18	Musculoskeletal	↑ bone mineral density	1	1	1	1	4	1	+1	2 Comparative: Li et al., 2019	0
19	Musculoskeletal	↓ shoulder stiffness	1	1	1	1	4	1	+1	2 Open-label: Herrschaft, 1992 Conflict: Hasegawa et al., 1976; Itoh et al., 1968	0
20	Neurological symptoms	↓ ischemia-induced orthostatic hypotension & abnormal catecholamine response	1	1	1	1	4	1	+1	2 Open-label: Stoica & Enulescu, 1991	0
21	Neurological symptoms	↓ dizziness	1	2	1	2	6	1.5	+1	1 RCT: Itoh et al., 1968 2 Open-label: Herrschaft, 1992 3 Observational: Zhao, 2004	1.5
22	Neurological symptoms	↓ headache	1	2	1	2	6	1.5	+1	2 Open-label: Lin, 2001; Herrschaft, 1992 3 Observational: Zhao, 2004 Conflict: Itoh et al., 1968	0
23	Neurological symptoms	↑ HRV in ACI	1	1	1	2	5	1.25	+1	2 Comparative: Liu et al., 2008	0
24	Neurological symptoms	↓ vertigo	1	1	1	2	5	1.25	+1	2 Comparative: Chen, 2007a	0
25	Neurological symptoms	↓ visually-triggered gaze saccade latency in post-traumatic cervical syndrome	2	2	1	1	6	1.5	+1	2 Open-label: Maeda & Ishii, 1984	0
26	Neurological symptoms	↑ clinical improvement in cortical blindness	1	1	1	2	5	1.25	+1	3 Observational: Yang & Feng, 1987	0
27	Perinatal & pediatric	↑ long-term memory & learning in children	1	1	1	2	5	1.25	+1	2 Open-label: Herrschaft, 1992 Conflict: Teichmann & Schwebke, 1973	0
28	Perinatal & pediatric	↑ general cognition & mental performance in children	1	2	1	2	6	1.5	+1	2 Open-label: Herrschaft, 1992; Colpin, 1970 Conflict: Teichmann & Schwebke, 1973	0
29	Perinatal & pediatric	↑ behavior & mood in children	1	1	1	1	4	1	+1	2 Open-label: Herrschaft, 1992; Colpin, 1970 Conflict: Kirman, 1961; Teichmann & Schwebke, 1973	0
30	Perinatal & pediatric	↑ clinical improvement in HIE	1	2	2	3	8	2	+1	1 RCT: Guo, 2013; Pu & Liu, 2008; Xiang & Wang, 2005; Wang, 2011; Fang et al., 2010; Hui & Zhang, 2022 2 Comparative: Wu, 2010	1.5
31	Perinatal & pediatric	↑ condition of the newborn in SGA fetuses	2	2	2	2	8	2	+1	1 RCT: Neumann & Zienert, 1993	1.75
32	Perinatal & pediatric	↓ clinical symptoms in pediatric enuresis	1	2	1	1	5	1.25	+1	2 Comparative: Zhang et al., 2021; Ma et al., 2020; Zhang, 2018a; Li & Kang, 2017; Wang, 2015; Jiang et al., 2014; Chen et al., 2013; Shi et al., 2013; Dong et al., 2012; Mao, 2009; Zhang et al., 2009; Ding et al., 2007; Zhang & Zhang, 2017; Zhu et al., 2003b; Wang, 2020; Li, 2010; Wang, 2009; Yu et al., 2020; Hu et al., 2008 Conflict: Kirman, 1961	1
33	Perinatal & pediatric	↓ sleep arousal threshold in pediatric enuresis	1	1	1	1	4	1	+1	2 Comparative: Hu et al., 2008; Ma et al., 2020; Wang, 2020	0
34	Poisoning & anesthesia	↑ recovery in acute severe organophosphate poisoning	2	2	2	3	9	2.25	+1	1 RCT: Huang & Zhang, 2006; Li, 2009	1.5
35	Poisoning & anesthesia	↑ clinical improvement in alcohol intoxication	2	1	1	1	5	1.25	+1	1 RCT: Liao, 2019; Shi, 2017; Hu et al., 2013; Yang & Li, 2012; Sun et al., 2010 (identical data in Xu et al., 2014); Wu & Zhang, 2008; Mai, 2013; Ji, 2009 2 Comparative: Tang & Dong, 2018; Huang, 2011; Chen et al., 2006; Hou, 2009	1
36	Poisoning & anesthesia	↓ awakening time in alcohol intoxication	2	1	1	2	6	1.5	+1	1 RCT: Shi, 2017; Liao, 2019; Hu et al., 2013; Sun et al., 2010 (identical data in Xu et al., 2014); Yang & Li, 2012; Ji, 2009 2 Comparative: Huang, 2011; Chen et al., 2006	1.5
37	Poisoning & anesthesia	↓ duration & severity of acute delirium in alcohol withdrawal	2	1	1	2	6	1.5	+1	2 Open-label: Herrschaft, 1992	0.5
38	Poisoning & anesthesia	↑ clinical improvement in CO poisoning	1	1	1	3	6	1.5	+1	1 RCT: Zheng et al., 2011; Lv & Yuan, 2010; Hou, 2010	1
39	Poisoning & anesthesia	↑ recovery from general anesthesia	1	1	1	1	4	1	+1	1 RCT: Mao et al., 2019; Mao, 2013	0.75
40	Psychiatry & psychology	↑ improvement/stabilization in attention & concentration	1	1	1	2	5	1.25	+1	1 RCT: Pieschl et al., 1983; Vehreschild et al., 1975; Vojtechovsky et al., 1970 2 Comparative/Open-label: Popa et al., 1994; Molčan et al., 1978 Conflict: Oliver & Restell, 1967; Bower & McDonald, 1966	1
41	Psychiatry & psychology	↑ short-term memory	1	1	1	2	5	1.25	+1	1 RCT: Vojtechovsky et al., 1970 2 Open-label: Molčan et al., 1978 Conflict: Marcer & Hopkins, 1977; Pék et al., 1989; Oliver & Restell, 1967; Harris & Dowson, 1986; Vojtechovsky et al., 1970	0
42	Psychiatry & psychology	↑ long-term memory & learning	2	2	1	2	7	1.75	+1	1 RCT: Marcer & Hopkins, 1977; Gedye et al., 1972; Vojtechovsky et al., 1970 2 Comparative/Open-label: Vojtechovsky et al., 1969; Herrschaft, 1992; Popa et al., 1994 Conflict: Pék et al., 1989; Oliver & Restell, 1967; Harris & Dowson, 1986	1
43	Psychiatry & psychology	↑ memory of unspecific type	1	2	1	2	6	1.5	+1	2 Comparative/Open-label: Zhou, 2002; Herrschaft, 1992 3 Observational: Zhao, 2004 Conflict: Itoh et al., 1968	0
44	Psychiatry & psychology	↑ general cognition & mental performance	2	2	1	2	7	1.75	+1	1 RCT: Zhu et al., 2003a; Hou et al., 2019 2 Comparative/Open-label: Popa et al., 1994; Yao et al., 2006; Zhou, 2002; Chen, 2007b; Fu et al., 2007; Zhang & Wang, 2007; Herrschaft, 1992 Conflict: Pék et al., 1989; Bower & McDonald, 1966; Harris & Dowson, 1986	1
45	Psychiatry & psychology	↓ depression	2	1	1	2	6	1.5	+1	1 RCT: Xing et al., 1996; Tang & Zhou, 2006 3 Observational: Qiu & Zhang, 2003 Conflict: Bian et al., 2006	0.25
46	Psychiatry & psychology	↑ behavior & mood	1	1	1	2	5	1.25	+1	2 Comparative/Open-label: Popa et al., 1994; Zhou, 2002; Molčan et al., 1978; Herrschaft, 1992 3 Observational: Tamai & Torii, 1990 Conflict: Pék et al., 1989; Bower & McDonald, 1966; Itoh et al., 1968; Hasegawa et al., 1976	0.25
47	Psychiatry & psychology	↓ neuroses	1	1	1	2	5	1.25	+1	1 RCT: Pieschl et al., 1983 Conflict: Ziolko, 1961	0.25
48	Sleep & consciousness	↑ favorable sleep changes	1	2	1	2	6	1.5	+1	2 Open-label: Ti et al., 2002 3 Observational: Wan & Bao, 1985 Conflict: Bower & McDonald, 1966; Brezinova et al., 1970	0
49	Sleep & consciousness	↑ EEG vigilance and SSEP amplitudes	1	1	1	1	4	1	1	2 Comparative/Open-label: Kinoshita, 1990; Herrschaft, 1992; Brezinova et al., 1970; Umlauf et al., 1983	0
50	Stroke	↓ neurological deficit in ACH	2	1	2	3	8	2	+1	1 RCT: Lu et al., 2007; Zhang, 2018b; Lv & Huang, 2008; Ma & Zhou, 2021 3 Observational: You, 2020	1.5
51	Stroke	↓ neurological deficit in ACI	1	2	2	3	7	1.75	+1	1 RCT: Lu et al., 2006; Ji et al., 2007; Dai et al., 2009; Lin, 2014; Chen et al., 2003 Conflict: Bian et al., 2006	1.5
52	Stroke	↓ volume of brain edema in ACH	2	1	2	3	8	2	+1	1 RCT: Zhang, 2018b; Hou et al., 2019	1.5
53	Stroke	↑ clinical improvement in ACH	1	2	1	3	7	1.75	+1	1 RCT: Lv & Huang, 2008; Hou et al., 2019; Zhang, 2018b; Ma & Zhou, 2021; Cooperation Study Group on Acute Cerebrovascular Diseases, 1978	1.5
54	Stroke	↑ clinical improvement in cerebral infarction	1	2	1	3	7	1.75	+1	1 RCT: Wang & He, 2007; Lin, 2014 2 Comparative/Open-label: Stoica et al., 1974; Liang & Wang, 2012; Herrschaft, 1992 Conflict: Cooperation Study Group on Acute Cerebrovascular Diseases, 1978	1.5
55	Stroke	↑ clinical improvement in cerebrovascular disease of unspecified type	2	2	1	3	8	2	+1	2 Open-label: Budinova-Smela & Mimrova, 1975 3 Observational: Zhao, 2004 Conflict: Robinson, 1978; Hasegawa et al., 1976	0
56	Stroke	↑ ADL in acute cerebral damage	2	1	2	2	7	1.75	+1	1 RCT: Zhang, 2018b; Lu et al., 2006; Hou et al., 2019; Zhu et al., 2003a; Chen et al., 2003; Ji et al., 2007; Lin, 2014 3 Observational: You, 2020	1.5
57	TBI & coma	↑ consciousness level	2	2	2	3	9	2.25	+1	1 RCT: Cooperation Study Group on Acute Cerebrovascular Diseases, 1978; Zhang, 2018b; Ma, 2018; Lu et al., 2007; Gao et al., 2008; Gao et al., 2006 2 Open-label: Umlauf et al., 1983 3 Observational: Bassem et al., 2018 Conflict: Cooperation Study Group on Acute Cerebrovascular Diseases, 1978; Hasegawa et al., 1976	1.75
58	TBI & coma	↑ recovery from TBI	1	2	2	3	8	2	+1	1 RCT: Ma, 2018; Guo et al., 2011 3 Observational: Han, 2005; Xing & Yang, 1991 Conflict: Itoh et al., 1968	1
59	Urinary	↓ clinical symptoms in enuresis	1	1	1	2	5	1.25	+1	1 RCT: Zhu et al., 2003a; Bian et al., 2004 2 Comparative: Zhou et al., 2013; Bai et al., 2002 3 Observational: Zhu & Ren, 1997; Yan, 1990; Zhao, 2004	0.5

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