Centrophenoxine - Table 4: Benefits

Dementia & cognitive decline

↑ clinical improvement/stabilization in dementia & cognitive decline

1

2

1

2

6

1.5

+1

1 RCT: Marcer & Hopkins, 1977; Pieschl et al., 1983; Vehreschild et al., 1975

2 Comparative/Open-label: Popa et al., 1994; Yang, 2015; Yang & Zhang, 2016; Herrschaft, 1992; Zhou, 2002

3 Observational: Tamai & Torii, 1990

Conflict: Bower & McDonald, 1966; Pék et al., 1989

0.75

Dementia & cognitive decline

↑ ADL in dementia & cognitive decline

1

1

1

2

5

1.25

+1

1 RCT: Marcer & Hopkins, 1977

2 Open-label: Fu et al., 2007

Conflict: Zhang & Wang, 2007; Pék et al., 1989; Bower & McDonald, 1966

0

Dementia & cognitive decline

↑ clinical improvement in corpus callosum degeneration

1

2

1

3

7

1.75

+1

2 Open-label: Dai & Li, 2012

0.5

Dementia & cognitive decline

↓ neurological deficit in VaD

1

2

1

3

7

1.75

+1

1 RCT: Bian et al., 2004

2 Comparative: Chen, 2007b; Yao et al., 2006

1.25

Dementia & cognitive decline

↑ clinical improvement in VaD

1

2

1

3

7

1.75

+1

1 RCT: Bian et al., 2004

2 Comparative/Open-label: Niu & Li, 2008; Fu et al., 2007; Zhang & Wang, 2007; Herrschaft, 1992

3 Observational: Tamai & Torii, 1990; Richter, 1983; Ma, 2014

1.25

General

↑ CBF

1

3

1

2

7

1.75

+1

2 Comparative/Open-label: Herrschaft et al., 1974; Chen, 2010; Herrschaft, 1992

1

General

↑ clinical improvement in chronic cerebrovascular disease

1

1

1

1

4

1

+1

2 Comparative: Wasilewski et al., 1981

0

Metabolism & biochemistry

↓ age-related intracellular water loss

1

1

1

1

4

1

+1

1 RCT: Fülöp et al., 1990

0.75

Metabolism & biochemistry

↑ blood oxygen saturation & consumption

1

1

1

1

4

1

+1

2 Comparative/Open-label: Tang & Dong, 2018; Schmid & Schlick, 1979

Conflict: Xie & Min, 2013

0

Metabolism & biochemistry

↓ fasting glucose levels

1

1

1

1

4

1

+1

2 Open-label: Schmid & Schlick, 1979

0

Metabolism & biochemistry

↑ normalization of blood glucose dynamics

1

1

1

1

4

1

+1

2 Comparative: Stoica et al., 1974

0

Metabolism & biochemistry

↑ oxidative stress mitigation

2

1

1

1

5

1.25

+1

1 RCT: Zheng et al., 2011

2 Comparative: Tang & Dong, 2018

1.25

Metabolism & biochemistry

↑ energy

1

1

1

1

4

1

+1

2 Open-label: Vojtechovsky et al., 1969

0

Metabolism & biochemistry

↑ biomarkers in cerebrovascular disease

2

1

1

2

6

1.5

+1

1 RCT: Zhang, 2018b; Hou et al., 2019; Ji et al., 2007

3 Observational: You, 2020

1.5

Movement disorders

↑ reflexes in cerebral palsy

1

1

1

2

5

1.25

+1

2 Open-label: Bradna, 1967

0

Movement disorders

↓ involuntary movements in tardive dyskinesia

2

2

2

2

8

2

+1

2 Open-label: Izumi et al., 1986

Conflict: Yagi et al., 1990 

0

Movement disorders

↓ ALS symptoms

1

1

1

2

5

1.25

+1

2 Comparative: Sercl & Kovarik, 1963

0

Musculoskeletal

↑ bone mineral density

1

1

1

1

4

1

+1

2 Comparative: Li et al., 2019

0

Musculoskeletal

↓ shoulder stiffness

1

1

1

1

4

1

+1

2 Open-label: Herrschaft, 1992 

Conflict: Hasegawa et al., 1976; Itoh et al., 1968

0

Neurological symptoms

↓ ischemia-induced orthostatic hypotension & abnormal catecholamine response

1

1

1

1

4

1

+1

2 Open-label: Stoica & Enulescu, 1991

0

Neurological symptoms

↓ dizziness

1

2

1

2

6

1.5

+1

1 RCT: Itoh et al., 1968

2 Open-label: Herrschaft, 1992

3 Observational: Zhao, 2004

1.5

Neurological symptoms

↓ headache

1

2

1

2

6

1.5

+1

2 Open-label: Lin, 2001; Herrschaft, 1992

3 Observational: Zhao, 2004

Conflict: Itoh et al., 1968

0

Neurological symptoms

↑ HRV in ACI